Глаголицата: странна и чудата


Glagolicata: stranna i chydàta
(vsichko za nejų)


▼▼ Reference Glagolitic UC Shape Glagolitic LC Shape Name of the letter Cyrillic Counterpart Greek Counterpart Roman Counterpart Numerical Value Remark
Etiket Glagolicheska golehma bykva Glagolicheska malka bykva Naimenovanie na bykvata Suotvetstvie v kirilicata Suotvetna grucka bykva Suotvetna latinska bykva Chislena stojnost Zabelezhka
►► ►► ►► ►► ►► ►► ►► ►► ►►
▼▼[G01]АзъАΑ:Αλφα:AlfaA1
{ЧX:1}1126411312
▼▼[G02]БоукъıБ[Beta]B2
{ЧX:2}1126511313
▼▼[G03]ВѣдиВΒ:Βητα:Vita3
{ЧX:3}1126611314
▼▼[G04]ГлаголиГΓ:Γαμμα:Gama4[Ima alternativa: G13:]
{ЧX:4}1126711315
Objasnenieto na alternativata G13: e tam.


The alternative G13: is explained there.

▼▼[G05]ДоброДΔ:Δελτα:DeltaD5
{ЧX:5}1126811316
▼▼[G06]ЕстьЕΕ:Εψjλον:EpsilonE6
{ЧX:6}1126911317
▼▼[G07]ЖивѣтеЖ7
{ЧX:7}1127011318
▼▼[G08]SѣлоS8[Alternativa na G09:]
{ЧX:8}1127111319

  • I v glagolicata, i v kirilicata, ima dve bykvi za zvykut Z(Z):
    • bykvata Zemlja i bykvata Selo.

  • Logichno e da se predpolozhi, che i v govorimiut slavjanski ezik ot 9-ti vek e imalo dva zvyka Z(Z):
    • staro Z(Z) i novo Z(Z).

  • I dvata vida slavjansko Z(Z) su se pojavili sled izmenenie na po-star zvyk G(G).

  • Staroto Z(Z) se e pojavilo mnogo mnogo otdavna,
    • v pra-istoricheski vremena - pri satemizaciata.
    • Sreqa se v dymi kato az, zlato, zurno, zemja, znajų.

    • Prez 9-ti vek sled Xrista staroto Z(Z) e zvychalo kakto segashnoto nashe Z(Z),
      kakto sega to zvychi vuv vsichki slavjanski ezici ili
      kakto sega zvychi tazi bykva v grucki.

  • Novoto Z(Z) se e pojavilo po vtorata slavjanska palatalizacia,
    • nehkude vuv vekovete 4-ti, 5-ti, 6-ti ili 7-mi sled Xrista.
    • Sreqa se v dymi kato noze, knjaz, dialozi, zvehr, zvezda.

    • Nehkude stava dyma za otdelni 2-ra i 3-ta palatalizacia, no e po-ydobno da se razgleghat zaedno kato vtora palatalizacia.

    • Tuj kato po vremeto na vtorata palatalizacia slavjanskiut ezik se bil veche raznesul na obshirni prostranstva i se bil veche razpadnul na teritorialni dialekti, to v proveghaneto na vtorata palatalizacia se nabljydavat neposledovatelnosti i dialektni osobenosti. Neposledovatelnosti ima navsehkude, dialektni osobenosti v tazi vruzka na Balkanite nehma. Pri sravnenie s iztochnoto i sus zapadnoto slavjanoglasie - togava ima.

    • V bezzvychnata si versia vtorata slavjanska palatalizacia promenja zvykut K vuv C(TS).
    • Redno e da se ochakva, che v zvychnata si versia vtorata palatalizacia e promenjala zvykut G(G) vuv DZ(DZ). I verojatno takuv e bil slychajut.

  • Novoto slavjansko Z(Z), polycheno po vtorata palatalizacia, verojatno e zvychalo kato DZ(DZ), razlichno ot zvycheneto na staroto Z(Z). Verojatno tochno takova e bilo polozhenieto v krajut na 9-ti vek, kogato su vuzniknuli i dvete slavjanski azbyki.

  • Obache.
    • Starite nadpisi na kamuk ne sudurzhat novo Z(Z).
    • A puk tolkova stari knigi nehma.
    • V nito edna stara kniga ne e spazeno razlichieto staroto Z(Z) i novoto Z(Z) da se oznachavat s razlichni bykvi.
    • Dvete bykvi se ypotrebjavat suvsem proizvolno, kakto xrymne na pisarjut, vse edno che dvete bykvi se chetut ednakvo.
    • To i taka si e bilo v sledvaqite vekove, sled 10-ti vek.

  • Ima i drygi slychai, kogato v azbykata - i v kirilicata, i v glagolicata -
    kogato dve bykvi zvychut ednakvo i ypotrebata im e proizvolna:
    • dvete bykvi za glasniut zvyk I - bykvata I (Ita) i bykvata I (jota)
    • dvete bykvi za glasniut zvyk O - bykvata O (Omikron) i bykvata Ω (Omega)

    • Vuv vsichkite tezi tri slychaja (Z:S:Ⰸ:Ⰷ, I:I:Ⰺ:Ⰻ, O:Ω:Ⱁ:Ⱉ),
    • nikoja ot tezi shest bykvi ne mozhe da izleze ot ypotreba,
    • zaqoto vsehka ot tehx si ima svoja chislova stojnost po miletskata sistema.


  • There are two letters for the Z(Z) consonant in both Glagolitic and Cyrillic:
    • Zemlja and Selo.

  • It could be logically assumed that two different consonants Z(Z) existed at that time in the spoken Slavic language:
    • an old Z(Z) and a new Z(Z).

  • Both those Slavic consonants Z(Z) appeared after the change of an older consonant G(G).

  • The old Z(Z) appeared ages ago,
    • at pre-historic times - as a result of the satemization.
    • It can be met in words such as az, zlato, zurno, zemja, znajų.

    • In the 9th century AD, the old Z(Z) sounded as it does now in Bulgarian, in all modern Slavic languages, and in modern Greek.

  • The new Z(Z) appeared as a result of the second Slavic palatalization,
    • in the centuries 4th, 5th, 6th or 7th AD.
    • It can be met in words such as noze, knjaz, dialozi, zver, zvezda.

    • Some people are considering some third Slavic palatalization. However, it is more convenient to be consider as part of the 2nd palatalization.

    • Since at the time of the second Slavic palatalization, the Slavic language has been already spread on wide territories and has been already divided into various regional dialects, hence the second Slavic palatalization was implemented with inconsistencies and dialectal specifics.
    • There are inconsistencies all over the Slavophonia.
    • Dialectal specifics are observed in the West and East branches only.

    • In the voiceless case, the second Slavic palatalization changed the consonant K into C(TS).
    • We may assume that in the voiced case, the second Slavic palatalization produced an affricate as well and changed the consonant G(G) into DZ(DZ). And that was the case, probably.

  • The new Slavic Z(Z), result of the second palatalization, may have sounded as DZ(DZ), differently than the old Z(Z). That was probably the case in the end of the 9th century AD, the time when both Slavic alphabets emerged.

  • However.
    • The new Z(Z) cannot be met on the old inscriptions on stone.
    • There are no books preserved and old enough.
    • The distinction between the old and the new Z(Z) cannot be observed anywhere.
    • The two letters are randomly used, always. Obviously, both letters sounded the same
    • in the next centuries, after the 10th century AD.

  • There are other cases where two different letters have the same sounding and random usage, both in Cyrillic and Glagolitic:
    • two letters for the I sound - I (Heta) and I (jota)
    • two letters for the O sound - O (Omicron) and Ω (Omega)

    • In all these three cases (Z:S:Ⰸ:Ⰷ, I:I:Ⰺ:Ⰻ, O:Ω:Ⱁ:Ⱉ),
    • neither letter can go out of usage,
    • because each one has its Miletan numerical value.

▼▼[G09]ЗемлıаЗΖ:Ζητα:ZitaZ9[Ima alternativa: G08:]
{ЧX:9}1127211320

 Ima alternativa: G08:Ⰷ:Selo. Objasnenieto na alternativata G08: e tam, red po-gore. 

 There is an alternative: G08:Ⰷ:Selo. The alternative is explained G08:there, one row above. 

▼▼[G10]Иже[ ϊ ][ j̈ ]10[Bykva za glasniut zvyk I]
{-}1127311321
Edna ot trite glagolicheski bykvi za glasniut zvyk I.
Verojatno suotvetstva na Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis ot kirilicata i gruckata azbyka.

Vuzmozhno e nehkoi da su misleli, che v glagolicata ima samo dve bykvi za zvykut I, G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιota i G12:Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Ita.

Vuzmozhno e nehkoi da ne su smehtali Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis za otdelna bykva.
Oqe poveche, formite na G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata i na Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis su podobni.
Oqe poveche, G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata i Ⰹ:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis imat edna i suqa chislena stojnost.

Dokolkoto tekst na glagolica prakticheski ne mozhe da mine za tekst na grucki,
nygha da se razlichavat Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata i Ⰹ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis
v glagolicata nehma.

Verojatno, praktikata da se razlichavat Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata i Ⰹ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata-s-dierezis e preminula ot kirilicata v glagolicata.


One of the three Glagolitic letters for the I vowel.
Probably, it corresponds to the Greek-Cyrillic letter Ι:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis.

Some people may have thought that there are just two Glagolitic letters for the I vowel, G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Iota and G12:Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Heta.

Perhaps, some people have not considered Ι:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis as a separate letter.
Moreover, the shapes of the G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Iota and the Ι:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis are very similar in Glagolitic.
Moreover, the G11:Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Iota and the Ⰹ:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis are assigned the same Miletan numeric value.

As a text written in Glagolitic, in practice, could not be considered a Greek text,
there is no need to distinguish Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Iota and Ⰹ:Ι:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis in Glagolitic.

Probably, the practice do distinguish Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Iota and Ⰹ:Ι:Ιωτα:IotaWithDiaeresis was transferred from Cyrillic to Glagolitic.

▼▼[G11]ИжеIΙ:Ιωτα:ΙotaI10[Bykva za glasniut zvyk I]
{ЧX:10}1127411322
Edna ot trite glagolicheski bykvi za glasniut zvyk I.
Verojatno suotvetstva na Ι:Ιωτα:Ιotata ot kirilicata i gruckata azbyka.

Kakto i v kirilicata, ne e imalo pravilo
koga da se pishe Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιota i koga Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Ita.


One of the three Glagolitic letters for the I vowel.
Probably, it corresponds to the Greek-Cyrillic letter Ι:Ιωτα:Iota.

There was no rule
whether to write Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Ita or Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιota
neither in Cyrillic not in Glagolitic.
▼▼[G12]ИжеИΗ:Ητα:Ita20[Bykva za glasniut zvyk I]
{ЧX:11}1127511323
Edna ot trite glagolicheski bykvi za glasniut zvyk I.
Verojatno suotvetstva na Η:Ητα:Itata ot kirilicata i gruckata azbyka.

Kakto i v kirilicata, ne e imalo pravilo
koga da se pishe Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Ita i koga Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιota.


One of the three Glagolitic letters for the I vowel.
Probably, it corresponds to the Greek-Cyrillic letter Η:Ητα:Heta.

There was no rule
whether to write Ⰻ:Η:Ητα:Ita or Ⰺ:Ι:Ιωτα:Ιota
neither in Cyrillic not in Glagolitic.
▼▼[G13][герв]G30[Alternativa na G04:]
{ЧX:12}1127611324
Edna ot trite "misteriozni" glagolicheski bykvi
i edinstvenata ot tehx, kojato se e ypotrebjavala sravnitelno chesto.
Suzdadena kato suotvetstvie na latinskata bykva G.
  • Suzdateljut na glagolicata Sveti Kiril e bil elinofon i na nego my e pravelo vpechatlenie edno nesuvurshenstvo na gruckata pismenost, a imenno, che edna i suqa bykva G:Gama se izpolzva za oznachavane na dva razlichni zvyka v gruckiut ezik: na proxodnata Gama i na pregradnata Gama.

  • V slavjanski ezik vsehka Gama e pregradna i slavjanoglasnite ne mogut da razlichavat gruckata proxodna Gama.
  • V latinski ezik vsehka Gama e pregradna i se oznachava s latinskata bykva G.

  • Na grucki v povecheto slychai Gamata e proxodna, no v ne malko slychai tja e pregradna.
  • Gruckata gama e pregradna sled zvykut N, kakto i v nehkoi dymi sus stranno proiznoshenie.

  • Mozhe bi chyghencite, govoreqi na grucki s akcent, izpolzvali pregradna Gama poveche ot nyzhnoto.

  • Na Sveti Kiril mozhe bi my se e iskalo v suzdadenata ot nego yniversalna azbyka, sega narichana glagolica, dvata grucki zvyka da se oznachavat s razlichni bykvi: G04:Ⰳ:Glagoli i G13:Ⰼ:Gerv.

  • Sveti Kiril qe da e kazal na brat si i na ychenicite si: "S bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv qe pishete dymite Ангел i Евангелие, kakto i Голгоθà"

    • Poveche ot polovinata ot sreqaniata na bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv se padat v dymite Ангел i Евангелие.

    • Sreqa se i v chyghi dymi, chyghi i za grucki, i za slavjanski: Голгоθà, Гѐенна, ...

    • Ponehkoga s tazi bykva slavjanoglasnite oznachavali stranen za tehx grucki zvyk G.
    • A za slavjanoglasnite vseki zvyk G pred predna glasna (E, I, ..) bil stranen, ponezhe 2-rata palatalizacia toky-qo bila izchistila slavjanskiut ezik ot takiva zvykove.

    • Bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv se sreqa i kato miletska cifra 30, razbira se.

  • Xurvatska zabelezhka.

    • V surbo-xurvatskiut ezik ima zvyk meko DZh, kojto proizliza ot praslavjanskoto *DJ.
    • Praslavjanskoto *DJ v bulgarski dava ZhD, v ryski - Zh, v polski - DZ.

    • Pod italiansko vlianie xurvatite-katolici pochnuli da proiznasjat Evandzhelie
    • V tekstovete na glagolica na tova mehsto stoehla bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv.

    • Trugnul slyx, che bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv oznachavala imenno DZh.
    • Neqo poveche, yzh zvykut, oznachavan s bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv, imal neqo obqo s praslavjanskoto *DJ.
    • Oqe poveche, che meko G̀ v sev.makedonski se bilo polychilo imenno ot praslavjanskoto *DJ.

    • Kak da e.
    • Bykvata G13:Ⰼ:Gerv se schita za prototip na bykvite gh (meko dzh) i ћ (meko ch) ot srubskata kirilica.
    • Srubskata bykva gh az sum si jų zael za oznachavane na ZhD v bulgarski.
    • Imame bykva Q za ShT, mnogo si jų xaresvame, zaqo da nehmame bykva i za ZhD.
    • Kak da e.
    • V "misterioznata" bykva G13:Ⰼ:Gerv ot starata glagolica nehma niqo slavjansko.
    • V starite glagolicheski tekstove tja se ypotrebjava samo v grucki dymi.

One of the three "mysterious" Glagolitic letters
and the only of them which had some real usage.
It was designed as a counterpart of the Roman letter G.
  • St. Cyril, the creator of Glagolitic, was a native Hellenophone. He could notice a defect in the Greek alphabet. In the Greek script, the same letter G:Gama:Gamma is used to denote two different Greek consonants: the fricative G:Gama:Gamma and the plosive G:Gama:Gamma.

  • In Slavic, or at least in South Slavic, every G:Gama:Gamma is plosive. Moreover, Slavophones cannot distinguish the two Greek G:Gama:Gamma consonants.
  • In Latin, every G:Gama:Gamma is plosive and is denoted via the Roman letter G.

  • In the Greek language, the G:Gama:Gamma consonant is fricative in most cases. Nevertheless, in quite a lot of cases, the Greek G:Gama:Gamma is plosive.
  • The Greek G:Gama:Gamma is plosive after the N consonant, and also in some words having weird pronunciation.

  • Perhaps, non-native speakers of Greek use the plosive G:Gama:Gamma more than normal.

  • Most probably, St. Cyril wished in the universal alphabet he created, now called Glagolitic, the two Greek G:Gama:Gamma consonants to be denoted by two different letters: G04:Ⰳ:Glagoli:Glagoli and G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv.

  • St. Cyril might have said to his brother and to the disciples: "The letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv should be used in the words like Angel and Evangelie, and Golgoθà."

    • More than one half of the occurrences of the letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv are in the words Angel and Evangelie.

    • G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv can also be met in foreign words, foreign for both Greek and Slavic: Golgoθà, Gèenna, ...

    • Sometimes, Slavophones used the Glagolitic letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv for a Greek fricative G:Gama:Gamma which was strange to them.
    • By the way, at that time, every Greek G:Gama:Gamma before a front vowel (E, I, ..) was strange to native Slavophones, since the 2nd palatalization had just destroyed all such consonants in Slavic.

    • The Glagolitic letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv was also used with its Miletan value 30, of course.

  • A Croatian remark.

    • The Proto-Slavic *DJ changed to various consonants in the various Slavic languages: to a soft consonant DZh in Serbo-Croatian, to a consonant Zh in Russian, and to DZ in Polish.

    • Catholics speaking Croatian pronounced Evandzhelie, like Italians.
    • In the Glagolitic texts, there was the letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv at this place.

    • There was a rumor that the Glagolitic letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv was to denote namely DZh.
    • And that the old sound denoted by this letter was related to the Proto-Slavic *DJ.
    • And the rumor noticed that N.Macedonian has soft G̀ at the places of Proto-Slavic *DJ.

    • Anyway.
    • The Glagolitic letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv is considered as the prototype of the Serbian Cyrillic letters gh (soft dzh) and ћ (soft ch).
    • Just for myself, I have borrowed the Serbian Cyrillic letter gh to denote ZhD in the Bulgarian language.
    • There is a Cyrillic letter Q for ShT, it is very handy and convenient, and there is a need ZhD in Bulgarian as well.
    • Anyway.
    • There is nothing Slavic in the old "mysterious" Glagolitic letter G13:Ⰼ:Gerv:Gerv.
    • In the old Glagolitic texts, this letter is used in Greek words only.
▼▼[G14]КакоКK:Kαππα:KapaK40
{ЧX:13}1127711325
▼▼[G15]ΛюдıеΛΛ:Λαμβδα:ΛambdaL50
{ЧX:14}1127811326
▼▼[G16]ⰿМъıслитеМΜ:Μυ:MiM60[prekaleno slozhna za pisane]
{ЧX:15}1127911327
Poradi tova che e prekaleno slozhna za pisane,
xurvatskite knizhovnici su jų zamenjali s latinskata bykva M,
i za tazi zamenjaqa bykva v Unicode e otpysnato mehsto G47:.


As this Glagolitic letter is too hard to write,
Croatian writers replaced it with the Roman letter M,
and that replacing letter got a Unicode position G47:.

▼▼[G17]ΝашьNΝ:Νυ:ΝiN70
{ЧX:16}1128011328
▼▼[G18]ОнъОΟ:Ομjκρον:OmikronO80[Ima alternativa G26:][Ychastva v ligatyri]
{ЧX:17}1128111329
Ychastva v dve ligatyri: G23: (ΟΥ:ΟμjκρονΥψjλον) i G41: (OѦ=U:jys golehm).

Ima alternativa: G26:.


This letter participates in two ligatures: G23: (ΟΥ:ΟμjκρονΥψjλον:OmicronYpsilon) i G41: (OѦ=U:BugYus).

G26: is an alternative.

▼▼[G19]ПокоиПΠ:Πj:PiP90
{ЧX:18}1128211330
▼▼[G20]РьциРΡ:Ρω:RoR100
{ЧX:19}1128311331
▼▼[G21]СловоСS:Σjγμα:SigmaS200
{ЧX:20}1128411332
▼▼[G22]ТврьдоТΤ:Ταυ:TawT300
{ЧX:21}1128511333
▼▼[G23]ОукъОУ,УΟΥ:ΟμjκρονΥψjλον[U]400[Ligatyra ΟΥ po grucki model]
{-}1128611334
Ligatyra Ομjκρον+Υψjλον po grucki model,
suotvetstvaqa na suqata ligatyra ΟΥ v kirilicata.

Ot dryga strana, zaema mehstoto na gruckata bykva G44: (Υ:Υψjλον)
i polychava poredno chisleno naznachenie 400 po miletskata sistema.


A ligature Ομjκρον+Υψjλον(OmicronYpsilon). It follows the Greek model. It corresponds to the same ligature ΟΥ in Cyrillic.

On the other hand, if the alphabet order is concerned, this ligature is placed at the position of the Greek letter G44: (Υ:Υψjλον)
and is assigned the next Miletan value of 400.

▼▼[G24]Фрьтъ (fert)ФΦ:Φj:Fi500[Pishe se samo v grucki dymi]
{ЧX:22}1128711335
Pishela se e samo v dymi s grucki proizxod.
Prez 9-ti i 10-ti vek v slavjanskiut ezik zvyk F ne e imalo.


It was used in Greek words only.
In the 9th and 10th centuries, there was no F(F) consonant in Slavic.

▼▼[G25]ХѣръХΧ:Χj:Xi600
{ЧX:23}1128811336
▼▼[G26]ОтъωΩ:Ωμεγα:ωmega700[Alternativa na G18:]
{ЧX:24}1128911337
Kakto v gruckata azbyka i kakto v kirilicata, bykvata O ima alternativa ω.
V kirilicata, formata na tazi alternativna bykva e podxodjaqa za ligatyra sus T,
i ligatyrata ω-pod-T se izpolzva mnogo chesto pri zvykosuchetanieto OT.
V glagolicata takava ligatyra maj nehma.
Dali imeto na tazi bykva v glagolicata e izbrano pod vlianie na kirilicata?


Following the Greek model, similar to Cyrillic, the letter O has an alternative ω:ωmega.
In Cyrillic, the shape of ω:ωmega allows a ligature with a next T,
and such a ligature ω-under-T was often used for OT.
Is there such a ligature in Glagolitic?
Was the name of this letter (OTU) chosen in Cyrillic?

▼▼[G27][пѣ][Q][800][Misteria]
{ЧX:25}1129011338
Edna ot trite "misteriozni" glagolicheski bykvi
Suzdadena verojatno kato suotvetstvie na latinskata bykva Q.

Tazi bykva naistina e misteriozna i xipotetichna.
Niqo za nejų ne se znae sus sigyrnost.

Polychila e mehsto v Unicode s nehkoe ot predpolagaemite si nachertania
i samo poradi tova prisutstva v tazi tablica.

Fonetichna zabelezhka: Ne biva da ni ychydva
suotvetstvieto meghy slavjanskiut zvyk P i latinskoto Q.
V balkano-romanskite dialekti staroto latinsko Q
vuz osnova na labialnata si sustavka e preminalo v P/P.
Naprimer: aqua => apǎ (voda), quattuor => patru (chetiri).


One of the three "mysterious" Glagolitic letters.
Probably, it was designed as a counterpart of the Roman letter Q.

This letter is mysterious and hypothetical, indeed.
Nothing certain is known about it.

This letter has got a Unicode position with one of its hypothetical shapes.
That is why it is mentioned in this table.

Phonetic note: Please do not be surprised by
the correspondence between the Slavic sound P/P and the Latin Q.
In Balkan-Romance, the old Latin Q has passed into P
having emphasized its labial component.
Examples: aqua => apǎ (water), quattuor => patru (four).

▼▼[G28]ЩаЩ[800][Ligatyra ShT po model ot kirilicata]
{-}1129111339
Ligatyra ShT po model, zaimstvan ot kirilicata.


A ligature ShT. Probably, Cyrillic model.

▼▼[G29]ЦиЦ900
{ЧX:26}1129211340
▼▼[G30]ЧрьвьЧ
{ЧX:27}1129311341
▼▼[G31]ШаШ[Naj-prostata po forma bykva]
{ЧX:28}1129411342
Tova e naj-prostata po forma glagolicheska bykva.
Verojatno formata ih e zaimstvana ot kirilicata.
Ychastva v ligatyrata G28:Ⱋ:Qa=ShT.


The Glagolitic letter with the simplest shape.
Probably, the shape was borrowed from Cyrillic.
Participates in the ligature G28:Ⱋ:Qa=ShT.

▼▼[G32]Еръ [golehm]Ъ[Ychastva v diftong-digraf UI]
{ЧX:29}1129511343
Tozi red ot tablicata e posveten na glagolicheskata bykva er golehm.
Otklonenie:
Diftongut-digrafut UI e polychil statyt na otdelna bykva edva v modernata kirilica za nyghite na ryski i curkovno-slavjanski.
V glagolicata, kakto i v starata kirilica, tova si e diftong-digraf, sustaven ot dve bykvi.
Purvata e er golehm (:U), a vtorata mozhe da e :I ili :I.


This table row is designated to the Glagolitic letter U:bigYer:backYer.
Off-topic:
The diphthong-digraph UI received the status of a separate letter just in modern Cyrillic, at bookprinting, for the needs of Russian and Church-Slavonic.
In the Glagolitic alphabet, and in the original Cyrillic as well, this is just a two-letter sequence to denote a Slavic diphthong.
The first letter is U:bigYer:backYer, and the second one could be either :I:Iota or :I:Heta.

▼▼[G33]Ерь [maluk]Ь
{ЧX:30}1129611344
▼▼[G34][jat]IА,Ѣ[800][Jotirana glasna]
{ЧX:31}1129711345
Suzdateljut na glagolicata e predvidil otdelni bykvi sus sobstveni ochertania za jotiranite glasni ΙΑ,ΙΟ i ΙΟΥ.
Bykvata na tozi red e za jotiranata glasna ΙΑ.

Suzdateljut na glagolicata ne e razlichaval slavjanskiut zvyk E (jat, e dvojno) ot jotiranata glasna ΙΑ.
Poradi tova toj ne e predvidil bykva za slavjanskiut zvyk E (jat, e dvojno), kakvato ima v kirilicata.
Sledovatelno,
v glagolicata jotiranata glasna ΙΑ (kojato e diftong) i glasniut zvyk E (jat, e dvojno) se oznachavat
s edna i suqa bykva , tazi na tozi red.
Poradi tova,
pod vlianieto na glagolicata i na proiznoshenieto v nehkoi nashenski dialekti,
ponehkoga i v kirilicata
bykvata E (jat, e dvojno) se izpolzvala za oznachavaneto na diftongut (jotiranata glasna) ΙΑ.


The creator of Glagolitic has provided separate letters with own shapes for the iotated vowels ΙΑ,ΙΟ and ΙΟΥ.
This is the row of the iotated letter ΙA.

In his Slavic speech, the creator of Glagolitic did not distinguish the vowel E (Yat,Jat,LongE) and the iotated vowel ΙΑ.
That's why he did not provided a letter for the Slavic vowel E (Yat,Jat,LongE), unlike Cyrillic.
Therefore,
the iotated vowel ΙΑ, which is a diphthong, and the vowel E are denoted identically in Glagolitic
via the same letter , that on this row.
Therefore,
because of Glagolitic and because of the pronunciation in some regional Bulgarian dialects,
sometimes, the Cyrillic letter E (Yat,Jat,LongE)
was also used for the diphthong (iotated vowel) ΙΑ.

▼▼[G35][хлъмъ][H][Misteria]
{ЧX:32}1129811346
Edna ot trite "misteriozni" glagolicheski bykvi
Suzdadena kato suotvetstvie na latinskata bykva H.
Naricha se oqe "pajakoobrazno X".
Sreqala se samo chetiri puti, i to vse v dymata "xulm".
Zatova se predpolaga, che "xulm" e bilo imeto na tazi bykva.


One of the three "mysterious" Glagolitic letters.
Probably, it was designed as a counterpart of the Roman letter H.

Sometimes, it is called "spider-like X".
Only four occurences of this letter exist, all of them in the word "xulm".
So, "xulm" is supposed to be the name of this letter.

▼▼[G36]ЮЮ[Jotirana glasna]
{ЧX:33}1129911347
Suzdateljut na glagolicata e predvidil otdelni bykvi sus sobstveni ochertania za jotiranite glasni ΙΑ,ΙΟ i ΙΟΥ.
Bykvata na tozi red e za jotiranata glasna ΙΟΥ (Jy).


The creator of Glagolitic has provided separate letters with own shapes for the iotated vowels ΙΑ,ΙΟ and ΙΟΥ.
This is the row of the iotated letter ΙΟΥ (Jy).

▼▼[G37][Jys maluk]Ѧ,Я[Nosovka]
{-}1130011348
Malkiut jys (prednata nosovka) e edinstvenata otdelna bykva v glagolicata za nosova glasna.

Tja ychastva v ligatyri za drygi bykvi za nosovki v glagolicata
i togava tja se naricha G38::jysov marker.

Malkiut jys i jysoviut marker zaemat dve susedni pozicii v Unicode
i samo zatova te zaemat i dva susedni reda v tablicata.


The LittleYus (the front nasal) is the only separate letter for nasal vowel in Glagolitic.

It participates in ligatures for other nasals.
As a part of a ligature, it is called G38::NasalMark.

The Glagolitic letters LittleYus and NasalMark have two adjacent positions in the Unicode
and therefore they are assigned two adjacent rows of the table: this one and the next one.

▼▼[G38][Jys znak][Nosovka, jysov marker]
{ЧX:34}1130111349
Jysoviut marker: tova e edinstvenata otdelna bykva v glagolicata za nosova glasna.

Ypotrebena samostojatelno, tazi bykva oznachava G37:Ⱔ:Ѧ:malkiut jys,
opisan na predishniut red ot tablicata.

Malkiut jys i jysoviut marker zaemat dve susedni pozicii v Unicode
i samo zatova te zaemat i dva susedni reda v tablicata.

Jysoviut marker ychastva v krajut na ligatyri, koito oznachavat drygi nosovki:

Jysov marker sled bykva G18:Ⱁ:O dava G41:Ⱘ:U:Golehm jys.
Jysov marker sled bykva G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ dava G42:Ⱙ:IU:Jotiran golehm jys.
Jysov marker sled bykva G06:Ⰵ:E dava G40:Ⱗ:IѦ:Jotiran maluk jys.


The NasalMark: this is the only separate Glagolitic letter for a nasal vowel.

Used by itself, this letter denotes the G37:Ⱔ:Ѧ:LittleYus:FrontNasal,
described on the previous row of the table.

The Glagolitic letters LittleYus and NasalMark have two adjacent positions in the Unicode
and therefore they are assigned two adjacent rows of the table: this one and the one above.

The NasalMark is used to terminate some ligatures which denote nasals:

NasalMark after G18:Ⱁ:O forms G41:Ⱘ:U:BigYus:BackNasal.
NasalMark after G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ formsa G42:Ⱙ:IU:IotatedBackNasal.
NasalMark after G06:Ⰵ:E forms G40:Ⱗ:IѦ:IotatedFrontNasal.

▼▼[G39][jot][ıо][Jotirana glasna izvun ypotreba]
{ЧX:35}1130211350
Suzdateljut na glagolicata e predvidil otdelni bykvi sus sobstveni ochertania za jotiranite glasni ΙΑ,ΙΟ i ΙΟΥ.
Bykvata na tozi red e za jotiranata glasna ΙΟ.
Tuj kato v slavjanskiut ezik nehmalo zvykosuchetanie ΙΟ, to tazi bykva ne se ypotrebjavala.
Tja obache ychastva v ligatyrata za G42:Ⱙ:IU:golemiut jotiran jys.


The creator of Glagolitic has provided separate letters with own shapes for the iotated vowels ΙΑ,ΙΟ and ΙΟΥ.
This is the row of the iotated letter ΙO.
This letter has never been used by itself because there was no ΙO diphthong.
However, it participates in the ligature G42:Ⱙ:IU:IotatedBigYus.

▼▼[G40][Jys maluk jotiran][Jotirana glasna, nosovka]
{-}1130311351
Bykvata za jotiraniut maluk jys predstavljava ligatyra
ot bykvata G06:Ⰵ:E, posledvana ot G38::Jysoviut marker.

Tazi bykva e nenyzhna.


This letter was to denote the IotatedLittleYus (IotatedFrontNasal) diphthong.
It is a ligature: the letter G06:Ⰵ:E is followed by the G38::NasalMark.

This letter was unnecessary.

▼▼[G41][Jys golehm]Ѫ[Nosovka]
{-}1130411352
Bykvata za golemiut jys (zadnata nosovka) predstavljava ligatyra
ot bykvata G18:Ⱁ:O, posledvana ot G38::Jysoviut marker.


This letter denotes the BigYus (BackNasal) vowel.
It is a ligature: the letter G18:Ⱁ:O is followed by the G38::NasalMark.

▼▼[G42][Jys golehm jotiran][Jotirana glasna, nosovka]
{-}1130511353
Bykvata za jotiraniut golehm jys predstavljava ligatyra
ot jotiranata bykva G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ, posledvana ot G38::Jysoviut marker.

Jotiranata bykva G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ se ypotrebjava samo kato chast ot ligatyrata za golemiut jotiran jys.


This letter denotes the IotatedBigYus (IotatedBackNasal) diphthong.
It is a ligature: the letter G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ is followed by the G38::NasalMark.

The iotated letter G39:Ⱖ:ΙΟ is used only in this ligature.

▼▼[G43][θita]ΘΘ:Θητα:θita800[Pishe se samo v grucki dymi]
{ЧX:36}1130611354
Pishela se e samo v dymi s grucki proizxod.
Oznachavala zvyk, kojto go nehma v slavjanski.
Verojatno originalnata bykva, ako takava e imalo, e bila zabravena.
Vposledstvie bykvata e polychila formata si ot gruckata azbyka.


Used in Greek words only.
The sound denoted by this letter does not exist in Slavic.
Probably, there was another Glagolitic shape which was forgotten.
Later, the Greek shape was adopted.

▼▼[G44][υжица]υΥ:Υψjλον:υpsilonY[Pishe se samo v grucki dymi]
{ЧX:37}1130711355
Pishela se e samo v dymi s grucki proizxod.
Oznachavala zvyk, kojto go nehma v slavjanski.
Za razlika ot predishnata bykva Θ:Θητα:θita,
tazi bykva Υ:Υψjλον:υpsilon ne e bila zabravena, ponezhe ychastva v ligatyrata G23::Oyku.


Used in Greek words only.
The sound denoted by this letter does not exist in Slavic.
This letter Υ:Υψjλον:υpsilon:Ypsilon participates in the ligature G23::OY
and has never been forgotten, unlike the previous letter Θ:Θητα:θita.

▼▼[G45][Щapich]Xurvatsko dopulnenie
{-}1130811356
Tazi bykva e xurvatsko dopulnenie kum glagolicata.
Pisheli jų na mehstoto na izcheznul slab er.
Qapich znachelo pruchica.
Prisutstva v tazi tablica, samo zaqoto si ima Unicode.


This letter belongs to the Croatian complement to Glagolitic.
It was written at the places of a lost weak yer.
Its name means stick.
It is listed in the table just because it has a Unicode assigned.

▼▼[G46][Triugulno A]Xurvatsko dopulnenie
{-}1130911357
Tazi bykva e xurvatsko dopulnenie kum glagolicata.
Triugulnoto A e osoben nachin za izpisvane na bykvata G01:Ⰰ:Azu.
Prisutstva v tazi tablica, samo zaqoto si ima Unicode.


This letter belongs to the Croatian complement to Glagolitic.
This letter - triangle A - is a special way to write the letter G01:Ⰰ:Azu.
It is listed in the table just because it has a Unicode assigned.

▼▼[G47][Myslite]Xurvatsko dopulnenie
{-}1131011358
Tazi bykva e xurvatsko dopulnenie kum glagolicata.
Verojatno se e izpolzvala vmesto latinskata bykva M,
ponezhe originalnata glagolicheska bykva G16: e prekaleno slozhna za pisane.
Prisutstva v tazi tablica, samo zaqoto si ima Unicode.


This letter belongs to the Croatian complement to Glagolitic.
Probebly, it was used as the letter M,
as the original Glagolitic letter G16: is too hard to write.
It is listed in the table just because it has a Unicode assigned.

.. pokazhi statiata ..





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